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Name: Ohio Gallery Removes Photos; Fears Violating Obscenity Laws   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity

Medium: Photography

Artist: Melinda Montgomery

Confronting Bodies: Acme Art Company board members

Date of Action: 1995

Specific Location: Columbus, Ohio

Description of Artwork: "Visceral Violations" is a 14 piece digital photography series dealing with issues of power, gender and violence. Some of the photographs include erect penises; one photo shows the image of a naked boy superimposed over the face of a girl.



Description of Incident: "Visceral Violations" was installed in the Acme Art Company, an alternative, non-profit gallery that supports emerging artists, for a scheduled exhibit. When gallery board member, Cassie Rogers, viewed the photos she ordered the gallery director, Margarette Evans, to cover the windows. Rogers feared that some of the pieces may be considered child pornography and violate city obscenity laws. The board voted to remove four of Montgomery's works.



Results of Incident: Rogers was unable to reach Montgomery before removing the works. The work was removed and the gallery changed its exhibit selection process.



Source: Artistic Freedom Under Attack, 1996

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Monday, October 27, 2003

Date Edited


Name: ACLU Reverses Removal of an Exhibit in North Carolina   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity

Medium: Design

Artist: Elin O'Hara Slavick

Confronting Bodies: The city of Raleigh's Mayor, city counselors and gallery officials

Date of Action: 1995

Specific Location: Raleigh, North Carolina

Description of Artwork: "Man D" is a drawing of classic female nudes surrounded by words like "spank," "whip," and "piss." The piece represents both women's playful desires and love for traditional art, which are played out upon the female body.



Description of Incident: O'Hara Slavick's piece was part of a two-person exhibit sponsored by Artspace, and organization that provides studios and space to local artists. The organization leases space from the city of Raleigh. After the pieces were reviewed and installed, other artists whose studios resided in the gallery complained to Raleigh's Mayor, Tom Fetzer, that there were pornographic images included in the exhibit. The mayor set a date for the city council to review the exhibit. Before the city council meeting, the Artspace board voted to remove the exhibit and explain that the artists voluntarily chose to remove their works.



Results of Incident: The artists contacted the ACLU who informed Artspace's director, Anne Tharrington, that the artists did not want to cancel their exhibit. O'Hara Slavick obtained a temporary restraining order based on her contract with the gallery, and her first Amendment rights, forcing Artspace to display her exhibit.



Source: Artistic Freedom Under Attack, 1996

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Monday, October 27, 2003

Date Edited


Name: GA H.S. Student Expelled for Fictional Diary Entry   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Other

Medium: Literature

Artist: Rachel Boim

Confronting Bodies: Roswell High School and Fulton County School District officials

Date of Action: October 2003

Specific Location: Atlanta, Georgia

Description of Artwork: Rachel wrote a fictional short story in her diary about a student who falls asleep in class and dreams of killing a teacher, then awakens to find it was a dream. The story did not include any characters significant to her teachers or personal life.



Description of Incident: Rachel's diary was consfiscated in an art class for passing it to another student. The following day, police escorted Rachel from her class and contacted her parents. After a closed hearing between school officials and Boims parents, Boim was expelled from Roswell H.S. for one year, however has the option of attending another school in the Fulton District. A school spokesperson stated that she was expelled for, "inappropriate writings that describe bodily harm toward a school employee."



Results of Incident: Boim and her family have enlisted the help of Georgia's poet laureate, David Bottoms, and an editor of Georgia State University's Five Points literary magazine. As of now the expulsion stands.



Source: The Atlanta Journal, www.ajc.com

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 24, 2003

Date Edited


Name: 11 year old Student Suspended for Work of Fiction   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Other

Medium: Literature

Artist: A 5th grade student (name withheld for privacy)

Confronting Bodies: Syosset, New York Central School District officials

Date of Action: October 2003

Specific Location: Syosset, New York

Description of Artwork: A short story entitled, "Costume Party," written by an 11 year old in his 5th grade English class journal. The fictional work is modelled around the stereotypical "slasher" movie scheme.



Description of Incident: An English teacher recommended that each student carry a personal journal in which to write anything from poems, ideas, to short stories, etc. "Costume Party" was the student's contribution to his journal. In it he used his classmates names, many of whom asked permission to be included. The student's Latin teacher asked him to read the story to his class, which entertained many of the students. The teacher submitted the journal to the school's principal, guidance counselor and psychologist, who took the student out of classes for psychological testing and suspended him for 5 days.



Results of Incident: The school is seeking additional punishment beyond the maximum 5 day suspension. The student's parents sought the NCAC's help to quell this matter, for fear that it may bring negative attention to the student for the remainder of his education.



Source: Communication between the student's parent and the NCAC's beloved, Roz Udow.

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 24, 2003

Date Edited: Wednesday, November 19, 2003


Name: Community College in Alabama Removes Photo Exhibit   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Sexual/Gender Orientation

Medium: Photography

Artist: John Trobaugh

Confronting Bodies: President of Shelton State Community College

Date of Action: October 2003

Specific Location: Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Description of Artwork: "Double Duty" is a set of ten 30 by 40 inch photographs featuring Ken and G.I. Joe dolls in various poses. Some of the dolls are embracing or holding hands.



Description of Incident: Shelton State asked Trobaugh, an adjunct professor, to exhibit his work in the school's gallery. He followed the procedure for installing a show, showing slides to the head of the school's art department, Linda Grote. One day after its installation, the school president, Rick Rogers, complained about the exhibit. The following week, Grote met with Trobaugh and told him that his pieces "weren't working," and removed the exhibit. Rogers' reasoning was that the "controversial" photographs were inappropriate when juxtaposed with the school's showing of "Arsenic and Old Lace."



Results of Incident: The school offered Trobaugh the oppurtunity to exhibit his work in a gallery out of site of children visiting to see the play. Trobaugh refused, suggesting that it was an attempt to "obfuscate the issues."



Source: www.tuscaloosanews.com

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 24, 2003

Date Edited


Name: Abstract photographs of nudes removed from Oklahoma Art Center   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity

Medium: Photography

image description
Artist: Steve Lewin, John Seward, Melanie Seward and Jansen Sterba.

Confronting Bodies: Board and director of the Charles B. Goddard Art Center

Date of Action: October 2003

Specific Location: Ardmore, Oklahoma

Description of Artwork: There were 80 prints in the exhibit, "4 Photographers, 4 Visions." Lewin's photos were described as "abstract in the purest sense." John Seward uses mirrors to distort nude human figures into abstract forms - this was the controversial work that led to the cancellation of the whole show. Melanie Seward uses a plastic camera called a Holga to create images of people in a natural setting. Jansen Sterba uses a Holga and an old 35mm camera to create distorted images of nature.



Description of Incident: The exhibit was on disply from October 1 until October 22, when the Goddard Center board voted to remove it. The Center director, Mort Hamilton, suggested that it was "too provacative for Ardmore." Several years ago another exhibit was removed from the Center for placing an American flag on the floor, violating "flag statutes."



Results of Incident: The entire show was closed. Hamilton stated that a new exhibit will be installed the following week.



Source: www.ardmoreite.com

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Wednesday, October 22, 2003

Date Edited: Tuesday, October 28, 2003


Name: "Bowling for Columbine" Banned by United Artists Theaters   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Film Video

Artist: Michael Moore

Confronting Bodies: United Artists Theater, Regal Entertainment Group

Date of Action: July 2002

Specific Location: Across the United States

Description of Artwork: "Bowling for Columbine" is a documentary film which confronts social issues in the United States that relate to gun violence.



Description of Incident: United Artists, a division of the entertainment giant, Regal Entertainment Group, bought the rights to Moore's film and refuse to show it in any of their theaters because of its content.



Results of Incident: United Artist theater patrons will be unable to view "Bolwing for Columbine."



Source: www.artistsnetwork.org

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 17, 2003

Date Edited


Name: New York State Bans Prison Inmates from Exhibiting Artwork   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Other

Medium: Mixed Media

Artist: Arthur Shawcross and other artists imprisoned for violent crimes

Confronting Bodies: The New York State Corrections Commissioner, Glenn S. Goord

Date of Action: March 2002

Specific Location: New York State

Description of Artwork: Any works created by prisoners who have committed violent crimes. Arthur Shawcross is known for his sketches of Santa Claus and Princess Diana.



Description of Incident: The spring art show entitled, "Corrections on Canvas," has been an annual event for the past 35 years in Albany's Legislative Office Building. However, Corrections Commissioner, Glenn S. Goord, decided to ban inmates convicted of violent crimes from selling or exhibiting their artwork produced in prison. Goord, who is supported by many other New York politicians, believes that inmates should not be allowed to profit from their crimes. Detractors from this view see the recently cancelled programs as a legitimate means of rehabilitation.



Results of Incident: After banning the sale and display of works produced by violent criminals, Goord decided to ban the sale of any inmate's art.



Source: www.artistsnetwork.org

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 17, 2003

Date Edited: Friday, October 17, 2003


Name: Smithsonian Exhibit Investigated for Political Advocacy   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Photography

Artist: Subhankar Banerjee, Lawrence M. Small

Confronting Bodies: Members of the United States Senate

Date of Action: April 2003

Specific Location: Washington D.C.

Description of Artwork: Banerjee's book, "Season's of Life and Land, A Photographic Journey by Subhankar Banerjee," is a collection of his photographs taken on his fourteen month excursion through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska.



Description of Incident: Banerjee's photographs were scheduled to be placed on exhibit in the Smithsonian's main floor rotunda, however, were moved to a lower-level room at the last minute. In addition, many of Banerjee's captions taken from his book were deleted or shortened. This led to an investigation questioning Smithsonian Secretary, Lawrence M. Small's, motives for moving and editing the exhibit. It has been alleged that Small censored the show and placed it in an obscure location to detract attention from the Arctic Wildlife Refuge at a time when debates were underway in Congress as to whether the refuge should be open for gas and oil drilling.

Results of Incident: Small maintains that there was no pressure or attempt to advocate drilling in the refuge, however an investigation into this case and whether or not the museum is used to advocate political issues is ongoing.



Source: www.artistsnetwork.org, The New York Times

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 17, 2003

Date Edited: Friday, October 17, 2003


Name: Breast-feeding considered Pornography in Texas   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity ,Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Photography

Artist: Jaqueline Mercado and Johnny Fernandez

Confronting Bodies: Richardson, Texas law enforcement

Date of Action: November 2002-April 2003

Specific Location: Richardson, Texas

Description of Artwork: Family photographs taken by Johnny Fernandez of his girlfriend, Jacqueline Mercado, and sons playing together. The children are depicted several times nude or half-clothed. The contested picture features Jacqueline Mercado breast-feeding the couple's one year old son.



Description of Incident: When Johnny Fernandez reunited with his girlfriend, Jaqueline, after a year separation, while Johnny immigrated from their homeland, Lima, Peru, Jacqueline brought several rolls of film to a store for developement. When the film technician viewed the photos he called Richardson police who considered the pictures pornographic. Fernandez and Mercado's children were taken into foster care and the couple was threatened with a second degree felony for, "sexual performance of a child."



Results of Incident: Mercado and Fernandez were released from prison and the charges against them were eventually dropped after action from their attorney, Andrew Chatham. The Texas court ruled, however, that they would not release their children until the couple agreed to take a lie detector test.



Source: www.dallasobserver.com

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 17, 2003

Date Edited: Friday, October 17, 2003


Name: PA Residents Accuse Mexican Artist of "America-bashing"   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Public art

Artist: Marcos Ramirez

Confronting Bodies: Residents of Reading Pennsylvania

Date of Action: September 2003

Specific Location: Reading, Pennsylvania

Description of Artwork: Ramirez's piece resembles a highway sign, green with white lettering, and was scheduled to be mounted on a billboard near a busy bridge in Reading, PA. The sign reads a list of eight cities that had been bombed by the United States over the past two centuries, their dates and their distances from Reading, PA.



Description of Incident: The citizens of Reading, including city councilpersons and business owners, protested the installation of the piece, accusing Ramirez of "America-bashing." The billboard company has since refused to lend the sculpture's organizers, Mexico Illuminated, the billboard space.



Results of Incident: Mexico Illuminated, in addition to several local politicians, have vowed to find a space for Ramirez's piece.



Source: www.Alternet.org

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Friday, October 17, 2003

Date Edited


Name: Of Mice and Men   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Racial/Ethnic ,Political/Economic/Social Opinion ,Language

Medium: Literature

Artist: John Steinbeck

Confronting Bodies: Connie Tripp, parent of student

Date of Action: October 2003

Specific Location: Normal, IL

Description of Artwork: "Of Mice and Men," is widely considered a classic piece of American literature. It is a story of two men who do field work, one of whom is mentally infirm. The story follows their saga and subsequent plight working in small towns.

Description of Incident: Connie Tripp, who lodged one of two complaints against the book, said it contains racial slurs, profanity and violence. She said the book does not represent traditional values, is culturally insensitive and conflicts with a board policy regarding educational materials.

Results of Incident: After an alternative book was rejected by the protestors because they felt it too contained inappropriate language, a hearing before the Unit 5 school board occurred on Oct. 8, 2003 to determine the books future status. The results of the hearing have not yet been announced.

Source: Daily Pantagraph

Submitted By: john pavlou

Date Input: Thursday, October 16, 2003

Date Edited: Friday, October 17, 2003


Name: New Mexico State Fair Places Ban on Nudes   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity

Medium: Photography

Artist: Oscar Lozoya

Confronting Bodies: New Mexico State Fair supervisor, and fair attendees

Date of Action: 1995

Specific Location: Albuquerque, New Mexico

Description of Artwork: The photograph "Banco Blanco" (White Bench) shows a nude woman wearing only a white scarf and white sunglasses sitting on a bench with only her breasts exposed to view.



Description of Incident: "Banco Blanco" was placed in a special exhibition tent at the New Mexico State Fair. Edwina Barela removed the photo after fair attendees complained about it, suggesting that nudity was inappropriate for the "family oriented" event. Lozoya immediately called his lawyer who filed a lawsuit suggesting that Lozoya's First Amendment rights had been abridged.



Results of Incident: Three more nudes were removed from the exhibit and the fair enacted a policy restricting nude images from future events and competitions.



Source: Artistic Freedom Under Attack, 1996

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Wednesday, October 15, 2003

Date Edited


Name: Pat Buchanan's Campaign Staff Objects to Art Exhibit   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity ,Sexual/Gender Orientation

Medium: Mixed Media

Artist: Christopher Gowell, Jodie Fernald, Margaret McCann, Michelle Duford, and Amparo Carvajal-Hufschmid

Confronting Bodies: Buchanan for President staff

Date of Action: 1995

Specific Location: Manchester, New Hampshire

Description of Artwork: The exhibit, "Figure That," features drawings, paintings, photographs, sculptures and prints dealing with the human form. Some contain nudity and deal with homosexuality.



Description of Incident: Patrick Buchanan's staff rented the Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences facilities for the announcement of his 1996 presidential campaign. Buchanan's staff members requested the exhibit's removal because the nudity and homosexual themes may offend Buchanan supporters.



Results of Incident: The school administrators refused to acknowledge the staff member's requests and the works remained on display.



Source: Artistic Freedom Under Attack, 1996

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Wednesday, October 15, 2003

Date Edited


Name: New Hampshire College Student's Photograpy Projects Removed   [ Edit ]

Date: 1995 - 2005

Location: North America

Subject: Nudity

Medium: Photography

Artist: Jodi Kimball, Steph Kazazis and Nancy Finn

Confronting Bodies: White Pines College officials

Date of Action: 1995

Specific Location: Chester, New Hampshire

Description of Artwork: The exhibit, "Inner, Outer, Other," featured the three students final projects. One of Kazazis' photographs featured a dog with its penis showing. Kimball's work showed nude self-portraits in black and white photo collages.



Description of Incident: College officials removed all of Kimball's and Kazazis' works without notifying the artists. They claimed that visitors to the school might complain about the nudity.



Results of Incident: The head of the photography department, Suzanne Gainer, met with the college president and dean to discuss the relocation of the works. Dean, John B. Hoar, agreed to reinstall the pieces in their original locations.



Source: Artistic Freedom Under Attack, 1996

Submitted By: NCAC

Date Input: Wednesday, October 15, 2003

Date Edited


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