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Artist: Exhibition of documentary photos, sponsored by Arab American Arts Council and the American Friends Service Committee Confronting Bodies: Pat. Michalski, assistant to Gov. Ryan on ethnic affairs Date of Action: June 2002 Specific Location: Thompson Center, Chicago, IL Description of Artwork: Photos showed the lives of Palestinians from 1948 to 1998, including images of a woman and her little girl burying someone, an Israeli tank pointed at a YMCA building with Arabic writing on it, a child holding a handkerchief across his face at the Sarba and Chatilla refugee camp in Beirut, a body carried through the streets of Bethlehem. Description of Incident: All but eight of the 50 original pictures of the installation were removed within an hour of their hanging. Pat Michalski, assistant to Gov. Ryan on ethnic affairs, said she removed the pictures because they were “anti-Israeli.” Results of Incident: The removed photos were reinstalled one day after they were pulled, because the senior staff decided that the exhibit should be seen in its entirety. Source: Chicago Sun-Times, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Paul D. Trice Confronting Bodies: Heritage Bank employees Date of Action: February 2002 Specific Location: Heritage Bank in Ocean View, Newport, VA Description of Artwork: Painting commemorating the World Trade Center tragedy showed several scenes of the disaster: a view of New York harbor with the smoke-engulfed towers in the distance; a close-up of a plane striking one of the towers; and a rescuer workers searching the rubble as fire-fighters raise the American flag. Paul D. Trice, a self-taught oil painter copied the images from newspaper photos, avoiding blood and gore. Description of Incident: The painting was pulled from the bank after a few days on display because a customer found it offensive. The employees at the Heritage Bank and Trust branch told the artist that a customer objected to the work, perhaps because it included an image of Osama bin Laden on a poster reading “Most Wanted by FBI Dead or Alive”. Results of Incident: London Bridge Trading Co. in Virginia Beach, a company that makes military gear, offered the painting a place of honor in its store after the painting was pulled from the bank. Source: Newport News, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Ancient Romans Confronting Bodies: Royal, clerical and political authorities Date of Action: 1800 - 2000 Specific Location: Naples, Italy Description of Artwork: vast collection of ancient erotica dating back to A.D. 79 when Vesuvius erupted destroying Pompeii, 250 frescoes, mosaics, statues, talismans, amulets, oil lamps as well as fertility symbols. Description of Incident: Since the first excavation of Pompeii antiques in 18th century the display of this collection has been regularly banned and challenged by religious, royal and political authorities. Pietro d’Onofri, a priest, “excommunicated” Pompeii in the early 1800s, saying, “That entire city was given to the most sordid impropriety, and so from God, it deserved, like Sodom, the calamity of fire.” On the practical level that most often has meant that The Secret Cabinet has been closed to visitors with a few historical exceptions. Results of Incident: In 2000 the Secret Cabinet was reopened at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples: however, even today schoolchildren need parental permission to see the exhibits. Source: The New York Times, NCAC. Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: William Styron Confronting Bodies: Andrew D. Huynh, principal of La Mirada High School Date of Action: September 2001 Specific Location: La Mirada High School Library, La Mirada, CA Description of Artwork: "Sophie’s Choice" is a widely acclaimed novel by Pulitzer Prize winner Styron dealing with the grueling experiences of a Holocaust survivor. It received the National Book Award and was also made into an Oscar-winning film. Description of Incident: Following the complaint by a student’s parent about the sexual passages in the novel, Andrew Huynh, principal of La Mirada High School, ordered removal of copies of the book from the scholl library and its approved list of literature on September 17, 2001. Results of Incident: The American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California and the National Coalition Against Censorship have informed local attorneys about the censorship case and sent a letter to the school administration urging them “to respect the First Amendment as well as the intelligence of students” and to return the novel to the library. These actions prompted the administration to return the book to the the library shelves. Source: The American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, www.aclu-sc.org, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: _ Confronting Bodies: Jim Drumm, City Manager, and local businessmen Date of Action: April 2001 Specific Location: Fountain and Falls shop, Lake Alfred, Orlando, FL Description of Artwork: 5-foot, 500-pound concrete copy of the anatomically correct male figure Description of Incident: The sculpture was put in front of the Fountain and Falls shop. “I didn’t even know it was art,” said Jeanne Johnson, the owner of a nearby barber-shop, who was among those who complained to City Hall about the sculpture. “To me, it’s just a naked man standing at the side of the road.” Such complaints prompted Jim Drumm, City Manager, to research the city’s code and statutes to see if the sculpture violated obscenity laws. Results of Incident: Owners of the store were asked to put a cloth around the statue, whic then attracted more attention than the nude one. Tourists were posing with the statue. Chuck Cole, shop manager, said he would replace the plain white cloth with a leopard-print bandanna. Source: www.orlandosentinel.com, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Jaime Carrera Confronting Bodies: Bob Berger, the owner of Flat Iron Arts Building Date of Action: September 2001 Specific Location: Flat Iron Arts Building, Chicago, IL Description of Artwork: This series of photographs commenting on political, religious and social groups was exhibited at Around the Coyote art festival in Flat Iron Arts Building. One photo depicted a bagel wrapped in a red Nazilike armband. Instead of a swastika, it was emblazoned with the Star of David. Other subjects included a Pope's miter decorated with a dollar sign, a bag of gold decorated with the Republican Party’s elephant symbol, a black panther surrounded by white cotton balls and a gay wedding couple engulfed by flames. Description of Incident: The photograph of the bagel in the armband angered Bob Berger, owner of the building where the exhibition took place. “You don’t have to be Jewish to be offended by it. We are not a museum. We are not funded by any public money,” Berger said after he removed the piece without further notice, claiming that the author is an anti-Semite and the image is a hate crime. Results of Incident: Jaime Carrera said that the artwork is about defusing the impact of certain imagery. “I wanted to suck the power out of it by using it to represent the Jewish faith, so by putting the red armband around this bagel, it’s more of a symbol of empowerment,” he explained. Source: Chicago Sun-Times www.suntimes.com, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Jonathan Allen Confronting Bodies: Jeffrey Rosenstock, producing director of Queens Theatre in the Park. Date of Action: January 2001 Specific Location: Queens Theatre in the Park, New York, NY Description of Artwork: Together with Guillermo Creus, Jonathan Allen has exhibited his drawings in New Inside Spoon exhibition at Queens Theatre in the Park. This group consists of portraits of President Bush covered by drawings on glass of women’s shoes. Allen explained, “I wanted to show how these candidates are just products. That’s why I juxtaposed portraits of the presidential candidates with corporate logos and shoes. The shoes represent product, fashion and advertising, which is what I think the candidates are. The corporate logos were selected to show which companies support a particular candidate.” Thus Allen’s work was intended to comment on fiscal concerns of the Queens Theatre and on funding for government agencies and art in general. Description of Incident: A week after the opening, Allen’s piece depicting President Bush was removed by Jeffrey Rosenstock, producing director of the theater, who claimed that “It wasn’t work that was worthy of all the other programs going on in the theater. The artwork should reflect the caliber of what’s on the stage.” His primary fear was that the general theater audience would be offended because they would be subjected to Allen’s controversial and ambiguous art when they just intend to spend a night at the theater. Results of Incident: Despite the fact that one drawing depicting the most recent U.S. presidential election was allowed to remain in the exhibition, Jonathan Allen removed it and withdrew from the show. However, due to the First Ammendment he was given the right to have another show at the same venue. Source: www.clamormagazine.org, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Patricia Ridenour Confronting Bodies: Marita Holdaway, director and owner, Benham Gallery Date of Action: February 2002 Specific Location: Benham Gallery, Seattle, WA Description of Artwork: A series of black-and-white photographs that seek to break down the thin barriers dividing art, advertising and pornography. Photographs by Patricia Ridenour of fully nude male models with large penises were designed to cause the same type of scandal as Edouard Manet’s "Olympia" painting did in 19th century Paris. “I asked myself who Olympia would need to be today to cause a stir," Ridenour joked, "and I guess it is a man with a big one." Description of Incident: The nudes were exhibited in the first room of the Benham gallery together with two other artists’ works in the group show. After two weeks of display, the photos by Ridenour were moved to the third room of Benham just before the opening of the show because, as Marita Holdaway explains, gallery visitors would not proceed to the rest of the gallery after encountering images in the first room that reminded them of the Lusty Lady sex shop just few doors away. The director admits she told the artist "the big dicks offended visitors." As a result, Ridenour publicly took down her works during the opening of the exhibition and withdrew from the show. "Why are big dicks taboo when big boobs are acceptable?" she wondered. "Finally men might get a taste of the inadequacy women feel every time they open a magazine." Results of Incident: The photos were later exhibited at Darbury Stenderu boutique, Seattle. Source: www.seattleweekly.com, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Susan Narduli Confronting Bodies: Los Angeles World Airport agency Date of Action: June 2001 Specific Location: Los Angeles International Airport, CA Description of Artwork: The eternal human craving to fly was symbolically expressed in naked male figures imprinted in stone. Description of Incident: The city’s Cultural Affairs Commission approved conceptual drawings of the figures provided by the artist in 1999. After unveiling of the piece, which was part of the renovation of Terminal No. 4 by American Airlines, a few airport employees complained that naked men might offend the sensibilities of visitors to the world’s third busiest airport. Following this warning, the Los Angeles World Airports agency, which runs the airport, demanded that the life-size images be covered with brown paper until the Cultural Affairs Commision conducted a second review of the project. Results of Incident: The National Coalition Against Censorship made an appeal to the Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs urging them to avoid setting a precedent in re-reviewing public art work after it has already been approved by the Department. The incident reached the media. “It’s a bad idea for individuals to try to pick and choose what the public is or isn’t going to be offended by – they usually get it wrong,” said David Halle, a professor of sociology at UCLA, in the Latimes.com. Eventually the idea of the re-review process of the project was dismissed and the original figures remained. Source: www.latimes.com, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Vincent Mazo Confronting Bodies: Stockton Art League Date of Action: August 2001 Specific Location: Elsie May Goodwin Art Center, Stockton, CA Description of Artwork: Male nude in bronze Description of Incident: Instead of relying on the jury procedure used to determine which art was to be shown at the gallery, one of the members of the Stockton Art League (of which Vincent Mazo was also a member) told the artist that the sculpture was of exceptional quality, but because it was a male nude, versus a female nude, conservative members of the organization did not want to show it. Results of Incident: The sculpture was not shown at Stockton Art League exhibition Source: NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Sheila Albanese and Brandon Whipple Confronting Bodies: Brian M. Morgan, Moravia High School principal and William Tamaro, superintendent Date of Action: June 2002 Specific Location: Moravia High School, NY Description of Artwork: Female and male nudes drawn from models Description of Incident: Principal Brian M. Morgan did not allow Sheila Albanese and Brian Whipple to exhibit their nudes in a district-wide art show. School president Russel W. Riddel said that the school board was backing the decision, explaining it by the fact “that young children might not want to see these drawings." Results of Incident: The National Coalition Against Censorship made an appeal to the school administration explaining both the laws of free expression and art history. The incident reached local media where the residents of Moravia expressed their sympathy for the drawings and questioned the school district’s decision. Eventually the nudes were exhibited in a separate area with black stripes covering the breast and genital areas of the models, an alternative proposed by Sheila Albanese. Some of the stripes carried the word “censored." Source: The Post Standard, The Citizen, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Janette Hopper and Sharon Rupp Confronting Bodies: City of Pasco, Washington Date of Action: 1996 Specific Location: Pasco City Hall Gallery Description of Artwork: Rupp’s bronze sculpture depicted a woman “mooning” the viewer, and was titled "To the Republicans, Democrats and Bi-Partisans." Hopper’s block prints showed a nude Adam and Eve touring sites in Germany. Description of Incident: City officials excluded the works from the exhibition at the City Hall gallery referring to its “noncontroversial” art policy. However, they provided no guidelines as to what was “controversial” and had not previously instituted the practice of screening art for acceptability. Results of Incident: The artists, represented by the American Civil Liberties Union of Washington and supported by the National Coalition Against Censorship and First Amendment Project, sued the city. In 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that artists Sharon Rupp and Janette Hopper’s First Amendment rights were violated when the city of Pasco excluded their artwork from the exhibition. The Court rejected the city’s arguments that the censorship was justified on the basis that children might have seen the pieces. The court noted, “The mere fact that the works caused controversy is, of course, patently insufficient to justify their suppression.” Source: First Amendment Project, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Linda Griffith Confronting Bodies: Orchard Artworks and Bryn Athym Church of New Jerusalem Date of Action: September 2001 Specific Location: Orchard Artworks, Bryn Athyn, PA Description of Artwork: The exhibition included several politically charged photos on ecological topics: “Republican Pro-Life” depicted a small earth floating in a bloody pool of water, “Lower Moreland Legacy” showed three stumps of trees that were cut down to build townhouses, “Messenger of Peace by the Road in Bryn Athyn” depicted a dead deer lying on a borough road, “Making the World Safe for Democracy (and Builders)” showed dirt from an area that was bulldozed to build a golf course in Lower Moreland, PA. Description of Incident: Although the works were approved by the jury of the “Uncertain Future: Earth Found, Used and Abused” exhibition at Orchard Artworks, they were removed from the walls of the gallery the day after their installation. According to Tracy Cass, director of Orchard Artworks, they didn’t harmonize with the policy of Bryn Athyn Church of New Jerusalem, namely, that church-owned buildings are not to be used for political statements. Linda Griffith was told by a gallery board member that “80 percent of Bryn Athyn is Republican, and the Artworks cannot offend its customers base." Results of Incident: Orchard Artworks did not display these works. As Orchard Artworks is a private venue, they are not compelled by the First Amendment to allow the expression of viewpoints they might not like. Source: The Inquirer, The Intelligencer, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Hulbert Waldroup Confronting Bodies: New York City police officers Date of Action: April 2001 Specific Location: Mural on the corner of Wheeler and Westchester Avenues in the Bronx, New York. Description of Artwork: The mural depicted Amadou Diallo, an immigrant from Guinea, West Africa, who was killed on Feb. 4, 1999, by four police officers as he stood in the vestibule of his apartment building. The mural also depicted a skeletal Statue of Freedom holding aloft a pistol with a pile of skulls at its feet, four New York City police officers wearing the white hoods of the Ku Klux Klan and the United States flag in flames. Description of Incident: “It’s going to be taken down,” Sgt. Frank Sorensen said after he scanned the mural. Joseph Berrero, the owner of the curio shop where the mural was painted, was upset also and said that he liked the idea of having some kind of memorial for Mr. Diallo, but that he was opposed to Mr. Waldroup’s depiction of the police, the flag and the Statue of Liberty. Except for the portrait of Mr. Diallo, he wanted everything on the mural covered. Results of Incident: Due to the publicity and support of the local community, the mural remained unchanged. Source: The New York Times, Wednesday, April 25, 2001, NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |
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Artist: Alex Donis (www.alexdonis.com) Confronting Bodies: Los Angeles City Cultural Affairs Department (LACAD) Date of Action: September 2001 Specific Location: Watts Towers Art Center, Los Angeles, CA Description of Artwork: This series of paintings depicted fictionalized pairings of LAPD officers and gang members in same-sex dancing poses with companion text from renowned African-American poet and performance artist, Keith Antar Mason. Description of Incident: The Watts Community Action Council, a locally based community group, led the charge against the exhibition. Representatives of the group threatened an angry protest during the opening reception and stated that violent actions might occur, such as angry residents attacking the artwork itself or perhaps the individuals. Th Los Angeles City Cultural Affairs Department and the Art Center administration cancelled the show. Results of Incident: "I am outraged and equally saddened," said Alex Donis. "This exhibition is site-specific. I am not taunting or unjustly ridiculing anyone." The case received high publicity in the media and the exhibition reopened at the Frumkin/Duval Gallery in Santa Monica, CA. The artist is considering suing the LACAD. Source: NCAC Submitted By: NCAC |