Description of Incident: One of the words you could read is an informal badmouth word from Colombia.

Results of Incident: Yet to come, most problaby the sculpture will be taken away.

Description of Incident: The musical opened in New York in 1968 and went on to play around the world. In Europe, Australia, and Japan the musical was also a big success despite threats of official sanction. In South Africa eve the cast album was banned. In New Zealand the cast was arrested, tried, and acquitted. Some of the performances, both in the United States and abroad, were met with protests by the audience. In Boston the management of "Hair" went to court for the first time in 1970 to stay a district attorney's threat to arrest the cast. The federal government finally decided the play was not obscene. When touring the south and southwestern United States 10 communities refused to allow their auditoriums to host the show. The cast and management went to federal court in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas. In five of these states the courts ruled with the "Hair" management. In Oklahoma, Florida, and Alabama the management won only after an appeal. In 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee "Hair" had been denied a license three times. In this case the judge turned the case into a case on obscenity and separated the speech of the play from the non-speech of the play. He classified the nude scene as "non-speech", or conduct, which was not protected under the First Amendment. In 1972 this court ruled against "Hair". In 1973 the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with this decision. The "Hair" management again appealed and in 1975 the Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that "Hair" could not be divided into "speech" and "non-speech".

Results of Incident: "Hair" did not play in Chattanooga until 15 years later.

Description of Incident: At the First International Dada Fair in Berlin Grosz got himself into trouble with the censors for the first time with some provocative anti-establishment pranks. The defense minister, Otto Gessler, brought charges against the caricaturist for insulting the honor and dignity of the armed forces in his drawing "Off Duty", which portrays a soldier leaning idly against a tree looking at a mutilated corpse half-immersed in water. Grosz was fined 300 marks for this offense. In 1923 all copies of his erotic portfolio "Ecce Homo" were seized and Grosz and his publisher were ordered to stand trial. Grosz and his publisher were each fined 6,000 marks and his offensive plates and drawings were ordered destroyed. In 1928 Grosz was asked by a well-known theater director to design the set for his play "The Good Soldier Svejk". The anti-pacifist and anti-clerical drawings and designs were then published in the portfolio "Background". The church took offense and brought charges of blasphemy in three of the drawings, one of which, entitled "Shut Up and Soldier On", depicts Christ on a cross wearing a gas mask and army boots. The court in Berlin again fined Grosz and his publisher 6,000 marks and ordered the plates destroyed. Grosz and his friend appealed and, in one of the most enlightened court decisions of the 1920s, were acquitted before a Berlin state supreme court. The Reich Supreme Court ordered a retrial, but the judge held fast and again acquitted Grosz. The Reich Supreme Court again appealed and this time the judge gave in a little bit and banned "Shut Up and Soldier On" from the portfolio. In 1932 Grosz left for exile in the United States and was named by the Nazis "Cultural Bolshevik Number 1", deprived of his citizenship, and many of his works burned. Some of his pieces were put on display in the Degenerate Art Exhibit in 1937. Even while in the United States, Grosz still faced censorship. In 1955 the Public Affairs Luncheon Club of Dallas, TX tried to have the work of Grosz and other communist artists removed from the Dallas Museum. In 1962 the director of a gallery in Rome was fined and imprisoned for publishing a catalog which contained a number of Grosz's more erotic works. All copies of this catalog were destroyed. In 1969 some of Grosz's works were seized by police from a gallery in Los Angeles and again by customs in 1970. In both cases charges were brought against the gallery organizers, but nothing every came of them.

Results of Incident: ...

Description of Incident: Grillparzer's first encounter with censorship came in 1819 with the publication of his poem "Campo vaccino", which the authorities deemed as blasphemous. The censors confiscated all printed copies, Grillparzer was officially reprimanded and his bureaucratic career halted. In 1923 he submitted "King Ottocar: His Rise and Fall" to the censors. It was banned because the play gave the Bohemians personality and character, and because any political allusion--even if it was loyal-- was not looked well upon. A few months later the authorities allowed it to be published but not performed. A year later a censored version was finally allowed performance. In 1926 Grillparzer's house was raided because of his connections to a literary society. The emperor tried to buy the rights for his next play, "A Faithful Servant to His Master", but Grillparzer fought this attempt, knowing it was just a bribe to try and remove the play from circulation. After the censors turned down his 1838 comedy "Thou Shalt Not Lie" Grillparzer began to practice diligent self-censorship. He continued to write, but did not allow the performance of any of his plays. In 1840 he abandoned work on "Esther", because it dealt with religious issues to which censorship was very sensitive.

Results of Incident: After 1848 Grillparzer's plays became highly esteemed and the writer was made a member of the Upper House in 1961. He became an icon of German-Austrian literature after the founding of the German empire in 1870. After World War II, when Austria was seeking to re-establish its identity, Grillparzer's plays once again became very popular.